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<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  hi<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Hey Guys, I am zce~'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// ./src/logger.js</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">log</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token parameter">msg</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'---------- INFO ----------'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>msg<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'--------------------------'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">error</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token parameter">msg</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'---------- ERROR ----------'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>msg<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'---------------------------'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// ./src/index.js</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> log <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'./logger'</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> messages <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'./messages'</span>
<span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messages<span class="token punctuation">.</span>hi<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>然后通过<code>rollup</code>进行打包</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>$ npx rollup <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">/</span>src<span class="token operator">/</span>index<span class="token punctuation">.</span>js <span class="token operator">--</span>file <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">/</span>dist<span class="token operator">/</span>bundle<span class="token punctuation">.</span>js
</code></pre></div><p>打包结果如下图<img src="https://static.vue-js.com/8fe07830-b143-11eb-85f6-6fac77c0c9b3.png" alt=""></p> <p>可以看到，代码非常简洁，完成不像<code>webpack</code>那样存在大量引导代码和模块函数</p> <p>并且<code>error</code>方法由于没有被使用，输出的结果中并无<code>error</code>方法，可以看到，<code>rollup</code>默认开始<code>Tree-shaking</code> 优化输出结果</p> <p>因此，可以看到<code>Rollup</code>的优点：</p> <ul><li>代码效率更简洁、效率更高</li> <li>默认支持 Tree-shaking</li></ul> <p>但缺点也十分明显，加载其他类型的资源文件或者支持导入 <code>CommonJS</code> 模块，又或是编译 <code>ES</code> 新特性，这些额外的需求 <code>Rollup</code>需要使用插件去完成</p> <p>综合来看，<code>rollup</code>并不适合开发应用使用，因为需要使用第三方模块，而目前第三方模块大多数使用<code>CommonJs</code>方式导出成员，并且<code>rollup</code>不支持<code>HMR</code>，使开发效率降低</p> <p>但是在用于打包<code>JavaScript</code> 库时，<code>rollup</code>比 <code>webpack</code> 更有优势，因为其打包出来的代码更小、更快，其存在的缺点可以忽略</p> <h3 id="parcel"><a href="#parcel" class="header-anchor">#</a> Parcel</h3> <p>Parcel ，是一款完全零配置的前端打包器，它提供了 “傻瓜式” 的使用体验，只需了解简单的命令，就能构建前端应用程序</p> <p><code>Parcel</code> 跟 <code>Webpack</code> 一样都支持以任意类型文件作为打包入口，但建议使用<code>HTML</code>文件作为入口，该<code>HTML</code>文件像平时一样正常编写代码、引用资源。如下所示：</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">/</span>src<span class="token operator">/</span>index<span class="token punctuation">.</span>html <span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token constant">DOCTYPE</span> html<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>html lang<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;en&quot;</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>head<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
  <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>meta charset<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
  <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>title<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>Parcel Tutorials<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>title<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>head<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>body<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
  <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;main.js&quot;</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>body<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>html<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>main.js文件通过<code>ES Moudle</code>方法导入其他模块成员</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// ./src/main.js</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> log <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'./logger'</span>
<span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'hello parcel'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// ./src/logger.js</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">log</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token parameter">msg</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'---------- INFO ----------'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>msg<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>运行之后，使用命令打包</p> <div class="language-cmd extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>npx parcel src/index.html
</code></pre></div><p>执行命令后，<code>Parcel</code>不仅打包了应用，同时也启动了一个开发服务器，跟<code>webpack Dev Server</code>一样</p> <p>跟<code>webpack</code>类似，也支持模块热替换，但用法更简单</p> <p>同时，<code>Parcel</code>有个十分好用的功能：支持自动安装依赖，像<code>webpack</code>开发阶段突然使用安装某个第三方依赖，必然会终止<code>dev server</code>然后安装再启动。而<code>Parcel</code>则免了这繁琐的工作流程</p> <p>同时，<code>Parcel</code>能够零配置加载其他类型的资源文件，无须像<code>webpack</code>那样配置对应的<code>loader</code></p> <p>打包命令如下：</p> <div class="language-cmd extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>npx parcel src/index.html
</code></pre></div><p>由于打包过程是多进程同时工作，构建速度会比<code>Webpack</code> 快，输出文件也会被压缩，并且样式代码也会被单独提取到单个文件中</p> <p><img src="https://static.vue-js.com/ec17e7a0-b1a2-11eb-85f6-6fac77c0c9b3.png" alt=""></p> <p>可以感受到，<code>Parcel</code>给开发者一种很大的自由度，只管去实现业务代码，其他事情用<code>Parcel</code>解决</p> <h3 id="snowpack"><a href="#snowpack" class="header-anchor">#</a> Snowpack</h3> <p>Snowpack，是一种闪电般快速的前端构建工具，专为现代<code>Web</code>设计，较复杂的打包工具（如<code>Webpack</code>或<code>Parcel</code>）的替代方案，利用<code>JavaScript</code>的本机模块系统，避免不必要的工作并保持流畅的开发体验</p> <p>开发阶段，每次保存单个文件时，<code>Webpack</code>和<code>Parcel</code>都需要重新构建和重新打包应用程序的整个<code>bundle</code>。而<code>Snowpack</code>为你的应用程序每个文件构建一次，就可以永久缓存，文件更改时，<code>Snowpack</code>会重新构建该单个文件</p> <p>下图给出<code>webpack</code>与<code>snowpack</code>打包区别：</p> <p><img src="https://static.vue-js.com/79197830-b1a3-11eb-85f6-6fac77c0c9b3.png" alt=""></p> <p>在重新构建每次变更时没有任何的时间浪费，只需要在浏览器中进行HMR更新</p> <h3 id="vite"><a href="#vite" class="header-anchor">#</a> Vite</h3> <p>vite ，是一种新型前端构建工具，能够显著提升前端开发体验</p> <p>它主要由两部分组成：</p> <ul><li>一个开发服务器，它基于 原生 ES 模块 提供了丰富的内建功能，如速度快到惊人的 [模块热更新HMR</li> <li>一套构建指令，它使用 Rollup打包你的代码，并且它是预配置的，可以输出用于生产环境的优化过的静态资源</li></ul> <p>其作用类似<code>webpack</code>+ <code>webpack-dev-server</code>，其特点如下：</p> <ul><li>快速的冷启动</li> <li>即时的模块热更新</li> <li>真正的按需编译</li></ul> <p><code>vite</code>会直接启动开发服务器，不需要进行打包操作，也就意味着不需要分析模块的依赖、不需要编译，因此启动速度非常快</p> <p>利用现代浏览器支持<code>ES Module</code>的特性，当浏览器请求某个模块的时候，再根据需要对模块的内容进行编译，这种方式大大缩短了编译时间</p> <p>原理图如下所示：</p> <p><img src="https://static.vue-js.com/9f2eed30-b143-11eb-85f6-6fac77c0c9b3.png" alt=""></p> <p>在热模块<code>HMR</code>方面，当修改一个模块的时候，仅需让浏览器重新请求该模块即可，无须像<code>webpack</code>那样需要把该模块的相关依赖模块全部编译一次，效率更高</p> <h3 id="webpack"><a href="#webpack" class="header-anchor">#</a> webpack</h3> <p>相比上述的模块化工具，<code>webpack</code>大而全，很多常用的功能做到开箱即用。有两大最核心的特点：<strong>一切皆模块</strong>和<strong>按需加载</strong></p> <p>与其他构建工具相比，有如下优势：</p> <ul><li>智能解析：对 CommonJS 、 AMD 、ES6 的语法做了兼容</li> <li>万物模块：对 js、css、图片等资源文件都支持打包</li> <li>开箱即用：HRM、Tree-shaking等功能</li> <li>代码分割：可以将代码切割成不同的 chunk，实现按需加载，降低了初始化时间</li> <li>插件系统，具有强大的 Plugin 接口，具有更好的灵活性和扩展性</li> <li>易于调试：支持 SourceUrls 和 SourceMaps</li> <li>快速运行：webpack 使用异步 IO 并具有多级缓存，这使得 webpack 很快且在增量编译上更加快</li> <li>生态环境好：社区更丰富，出现的问题更容易解决</li></ul> <h2 id="参考文献"><a href="#参考文献" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参考文献</h2> <ul><li>https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/95684686</li> <li>https://cn.vitejs.dev/guide/</li> <li>https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000039370642</li></ul></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">更新时间:</span> <span class="time">12/14/2021, 10:12:35 AM</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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